Histopathological study comparing native and post- transplant recurrent chronic hepatitis C with emphasis on confounders with acute cellular rejection

Introduction: Histological analyses of post-transplant liver biopsies may be difficult in distinguishing recurrent chronic hepatitis C (CHC) from other causes of graft dysfunction, especially acute cellular rejection (ACR). Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the histological characteristics of liver biopsies with CHC in transplant and non-transplant patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and assess the occurrence of findings common to ACR. Methods: We studied 40 biopsies from non-transplant and 30 biopsies from posttransplant patients, according to the Ishak score for necroinflammatory activity grade and stage of fibrosis. We also assessed the inflammatory infiltrate, steatosis, ductal changes, portal endotheliitis and central perivenulitis. Results: We found predominance of mild grade and stage in both groups. The portal inflammatory infiltrate was also mild and mainly lymphocytic in the two groups. Ductal changes were more frequent in the non-transplant patients. Steatosis was also mild in both groups, but predominated in non-transplant CHC patients. Portal endotheliitis occurred in 42.5% and 40% in non-transplant and post-transplant CHC, respectively. The frequency of centrilobular endotheliitis was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Histological findings in chronic hepatitis C are similar in non-transplant and posttransplant patients. In addition, morphological features characteristic of ACR are also observed in HCV infection of native livers as well as in the graft of patients with recurrent infection after transplantation.