Soft bottom community structure and diversity in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard)
نویسندگان
چکیده
Marine diversity is currently one of the most studied topics in ecology especially under the frame of global and regional environmental changes. In the marine realm biodiversity declines from the tropics to the Arctic (Thorson 1957, Brattegard & Holthe 1997, Roy et al. 1996, 1998, Gray 2001). Habitat and environmental heterogeneity generally favour biodiversity; additionally, intermediate physical disturbance enhances heterogeneity (Connell 1978, Connell & Keough 1985, Zacharias & Roff 2001). Shallow water systems are particularly interesting, because they are affected by environmental changes first and act as small-scale laboratories (Dayton 1990, Arntz et al. 1997). In marine polar habitats a common structuring disturbance is ice scouring (Dayton 1990, Gutt 1991, Dowdeswell & Forsberg 1992, Dayton et al. 1994, Gutt et al. 1996, Conlan et al. 1998, Sahade et al. 1998, Gutt & Piepenburg 2003). Hereby the benthic community is affected differently varying with latitude, depth, local current regimes, substrates, geography and site exposure resulting in a high variability both on spatial and temporal scales.
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