Agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. during SEAC4RS: Emissions of trace gases and particles and evolution of ozone, reactive nitrogen, and organic aerosol
نویسندگان
چکیده
Emissions from 15 agricultural fires in the southeastern U.S. were measured from the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the summer 2013 Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEACRS) campaign. This study reports a detailed set of emission factors (EFs) for 25 trace gases and 6 fine particle species. The chemical evolution of the primary emissions in seven plumes was examined in detail for ~1.2 h. A Lagrangian plume cross-section model was used to simulate the evolution of ozone (O3), reactive nitrogen species, and organic aerosol (OA). Observed EFs are generally consistent with previous measurements of crop residue burning, but the fires studied here emitted high amounts of SO2 and fine particles, especially primary OA and chloride. Filter-based measurements of aerosol light absorption implied that brown carbon (BrC) was ubiquitous in the plumes. In aged plumes, rapid production of O3, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), and nitrate was observed with ΔO3/ΔCO, ΔPAN/ΔNOy, and Δnitrate/ΔNOy reaching ~0.1, ~0.3, and ~0.3. For five selected cases, the model reasonably simulated O3 formation but underestimated PAN formation. No significant evolution of OA mass or BrC absorption was observed. However, a consistent increase in oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratios of OA indicated that OA oxidation in the agricultural fire plumes was much faster than in urban and forest fire plumes. Finally, total annual SO2, NOx, and CO emissions from agricultural fires in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri were estimated (within a factor of ~2) to be equivalent to ~2% SO2 from coal combustion and ~1% NOx and ~9% CO from mobile sources.
منابع مشابه
A Reactivity Based Emission Inventory for the South Pars and Its Implication for Ozone Pollution Control
The South Pars zone in Iran encompasses the largest gas refineries and petrochemical complexes in the world. In the South Pars zone, elevated concentrations of reactive hydrocarbons co-emitted with nitrogen oxides from industrial facilities lead to substantial ozone production downwind. To understand the role of these emissions on the ozone formation and, to formulate appropriate control st...
متن کاملNitrate Photochemistry in Zeolite NaY: Product Formation and Product Stability under Different Environmental Conditions Introduction Mineral dust aerosol plays a critical role in atmospheric chemistry by providing reactive surfaces for trace atmospheric gases
Introduction Mineral dust aerosol plays a critical role in atmospheric chemistry by providing reactive surfaces for trace atmospheric gases. 1-3 Mineral dust particles undergo heterogeneous reactions with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere to yield adsorbed nitrate, nitrate coatings or deliquesced nitrate layers. 1,4,5 Reactions that can alter NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) concentrations are of great imp...
متن کاملThe 1997 El Niño impact on clouds, water vapour, aerosols and reactive trace gases in the troposphere, as measured by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
The El Niño event of 1997/1998 caused dry conditions over the Indonesian area that were followed by large scale forest and savannah fires over Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java, and parts of Irian Jaya. Biomass burning was most intense between August and October 1997, and large amounts of ozone precursors, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were emitted into the atmosphere. In th...
متن کاملFormaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide in smoke plumes from Australia's Black Saturday fires
The ‘Black Saturday’ fires were a series of devastating bushfires that burned across Victoria, Australia, during February 2009. The smoke plume from Saturday the 7th February, the worst day of the fires, separated from subsequent emissions and persisted for several weeks, providing the opportunity to track the changing composition of the smoke plume as it aged. In this study we have used satell...
متن کاملBiogenic volatile organic compound emissions from vegetation fires
The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the current state of the art on research into the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from vegetation fires. Significant amounts of VOCs are emitted from vegetation fires, including several reactive compounds, the majority belonging to the isoprenoid family, which rapidly disappear in the plume to yield pollutants such as s...
متن کامل