Self-assembly of Ni(II) porphine molecules on the Ag/Si(111)- (√3 × √3)R30o surface studied by STM/STS and LEED

The room temperature growth and ordering of (porphyrinato)nickel(II) (nickel(II) porphine, NiP) molecules on the Ag/Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30o surface have been investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Results indicate a well-ordered molecular layer in which the porphyrin molecules have a flat orientation with the molecular plane lying parallel to the substrate and forming a hexagonal overlayer on the surface. STM and LEED data obtained from one monolayer (ML) of the NiP on the Ag/Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30o surface show the formation of two well-ordered mirror domains each rotated either clockwise or counterclockwise by 7o with respect to the substrate. A hexagonal Moiré pattern was observed for the NiP overlayer due to long-range variation in overlayer substrate distance. It was found that the existence of such azimuthal rotation and the Moiré pattern are caused by a lattice mismatch between the substrate and the molecular overlayer, and a corresponding model is proposed. The NiP molecules forming the second monolayer maintain the same planarity and hexagonal ordering as the first molecular layer. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy data obtained from the NiP overlayer on the Ag/Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30o surface show good agreement with density functional theory calculations.