High levels of T lymphocyte activation in Leishmania-HIV-1 co-infected individuals despite low HIV viral load

نویسندگان

  • Joanna R Santos-Oliveira
  • Carmem BW Giacoia-Gripp
  • Priscilla Alexandrino de Oliveira
  • Valdir S Amato
  • Jose Ângelo L Lindoso
  • Hiro Goto
  • Manoel P Oliveira-Neto
  • Marise S Mattos
  • Beatriz Grinsztejn
  • Mariza G Morgado
  • Alda M Da-Cruz
چکیده

BACKGROUND Concomitant infections may influence HIV progression by causing chronic activation leading to decline in T-cell function. In the Americas, visceral (AVL) and tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) have emerged as important opportunistic infections in HIV-AIDS patients and both of those diseases have been implicated as potentially important co-factors in disease progression. We investigated whether leishmaniasis increases lymphocyte activation in HIV-1 co-infected patients. This might contribute to impaired cellular immune function. METHODS To address this issue we analyzed CD4+ T absolute counts and the proportion of CD8+ T cells expressing CD38 in Leishmania/HIV co-infected patients that recovered after anti-leishmanial therapy. RESULTS We found that, despite clinical remission of leishmaniasis, AVL co-infected patients presented a more severe immunossupression as suggested by CD4+ T cell counts under 200 cells/mm3, differing from ATL/HIV-AIDS cases that tends to show higher lymphocytes levels (over 350 cells/mm3). Furthermore, five out of nine, AVL/HIV-AIDS presented low CD4+ T cell counts in spite of low or undetectable viral load. Expression of CD38 on CD8+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in AVL or ATL/HIV-AIDS cases compared to HIV/AIDS patients without leishmaniasis or healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Leishmania infection can increase the degree of immune system activation in individuals concomitantly infected with HIV. In addition, AVL/HIV-AIDS patients can present low CD4+ T cell counts and higher proportion of activated T lymphocytes even when HIV viral load is suppressed under HAART. This fact can cause a misinterpretation of these laboratorial markers in co-infected patients.

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عنوان ژورنال:

دوره 10  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2010