Alpha-carboxy nucleoside phosphonates as universal nucleoside triphosphate mimics.

نویسندگان

  • Jan Balzarini
  • Kalyan Das
  • Jean A Bernatchez
  • Sergio E Martinez
  • Marianne Ngure
  • Sarah Keane
  • Alan Ford
  • Nuala Maguire
  • Niki Mullins
  • Jubi John
  • Youngju Kim
  • Wim Dehaen
  • Johan Vande Voorde
  • Sandra Liekens
  • Lieve Naesens
  • Matthias Götte
  • Anita R Maguire
  • Eddy Arnold
چکیده

Polymerases have a structurally highly conserved negatively charged amino acid motif that is strictly required for Mg(2+) cation-dependent catalytic incorporation of (d)NTP nucleotides into nucleic acids. Based on these characteristics, a nucleoside monophosphonate scaffold, α-carboxy nucleoside phosphonate (α-CNP), was designed that is recognized by a variety of polymerases. Kinetic, biochemical, and crystallographic studies with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase revealed that α-CNPs mimic the dNTP binding through a carboxylate oxygen, two phosphonate oxygens, and base-pairing with the template. In particular, the carboxyl oxygen of the α-CNP acts as the potential equivalent of the α-phosphate oxygen of dNTPs and two oxygens of the phosphonate group of the α-CNP chelate Mg(2+), mimicking the chelation by the β- and γ-phosphate oxygens of dNTPs. α-CNPs (i) do not require metabolic activation (phosphorylation), (ii) bind directly to the substrate-binding site, (iii) chelate one of the two active site Mg(2+) ions, and (iv) reversibly inhibit the polymerase catalytic activity without being incorporated into nucleic acids. In addition, α-CNPs were also found to selectively interact with regulatory (i.e., allosteric) Mg(2+)-dNTP-binding sites of nucleos(t)ide-metabolizing enzymes susceptible to metabolic regulation. α-CNPs represent an entirely novel and broad technological platform for the development of specific substrate active- or regulatory-site inhibitors with therapeutic potential.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

دوره 112 11  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2015