Pediatric Perfusion Techniques for Complex Congenital Cardiac Surgery
نویسندگان
چکیده
Motivated by the inadequacy of nonsurgical therapy in ameliorating congenital cardiac disease, surgical pioneers in the 1940s and 1950s began to develop techniques that would allow for the intracardiac repair of congenital heart disease. The fi rst operation on the open human heart under direct vision—closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) in a 5-year-old girl—was performed at the University of Minnesota by Dr. F. John Lewis on September 2nd, 1952 (1). This
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