A mixed-modes approach for estimating hiking on trails through diverse forest landscapes: the case of the Appalachian Trail
نویسندگان
چکیده
Many hiking trails traverse the forests and public lands across North America. It has therefore become important for federal management to gain an understanding of total use on these trails. However, there has never been a formal attempt to estimate hiking on these long, backcountry trails. This paper presents an approach that utilizes two survey instruments (exit-site tallies and a trail-user questionnaire) and two primary estimation components (standard and augmented sites) to estimate hikers over a spatial and temporal span. For illustrative purposes, the methodology is applied to a 175 km segment of the Appalachian Trail from 1 June through 14 August 2007. Two alternative estimation methodologies are presented and compared. The model-based approach may be preferred to the design-based approach when sample size is small because it smoothes erratic strata estimates and yields smaller standard errors. However, the design-based approach relaxes an assumption and is more appropriate as sample size increases. In our survey of the Appalachian Trail, there was a 5.6% difference between the visitation estimates based on these two approaches, and such stability reinforces confidence in the methodology. Résumé : Plusieurs sentiers de randonnée pédestre traversent les forêts et les terres publiques partout en Amérique du Nord. Il est par conséquent devenu important pour la gestion fédérale d’acquérir une compréhension de l’utilisation totale de ces sentiers. Cependant, il n’y a jamais eu de tentative formelle pour estimer la randonnée pédestre dans ces longs sentiers d’arrière-pays. Cet article présente une approche qui utilise deux instruments de sondage (des relevés de sortie du site et un questionnaire destiné aux utilisateurs des sentiers) pour estimer les randonneurs pédestres sur un horizon temporel et spatial. À titre d’exemple, la méthodologie a été appliquée à un segment de 175 km du sentier des Appalaches du 1 juin au 14 août 2007. Deux méthodes alternatives d’estimation sont présentées et comparées. L’approche basée sur un modèle peut être préférable à l’approche basée sur un plan lorsque la taille de l’échantillon est petite parce qu’elle adoucit les estimations des strates irrégulières et produit de plus petits écarts types. Cependant, l’approche basée sur un plan assouplit une hypothèse et est plus appropriée à mesure que la taille de l’échantillon augmente. Dans notre enquête sur le sentier des Appalaches, il y avait un écart de 5,6 % entre les estimations de fréquentation basées sur les deux approches et une telle stabilité renforce la confiance dans la méthodologie. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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