Sequential therapy with cefuroxime followed by cefuroxime axetil in community-acquired pneumonia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of two sequential therapy regimens of IV cefuroxime followed by oral cefuroxime axetil for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). DESIGN Prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. SETTING Sixty-six centers in 11 countries (Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Poland, Portugal, South Africa, and the United Kingdom). PATIENTS Six hundred thirty-six adults with CAP requiring hospitalization and initial IV antibiotic treatment. INTERVENTIONS Cefuroxime, 1.5 g IV tid or bid for 48 to 72 h followed by oral cefuroxime axetil, 500 mg bid for 7 days. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS For clinically evaluable patients, the clinical response rates were equivalent for cefuroxime tid and bid groups posttreatment (cure/improvement, 79% and 84%, respectively) and at follow-up (maintained cure, 87% and 82%, respectively). All signs and symptoms of pneumonia showed improvement at the time of switch from IV to oral therapy. A total of 111 pathogens were isolated, the most common being Streptococcus pneumoniae (23%), Haemophilus influenzae (18%), and Enterobacteriaceae (15%). Bacteriologic clearance was obtained posttreatment in 47 of 49 and 36 of 42 of bacteriologically evaluable patients in the cefuroxime tid and bid groups, respectively. Both regimens were well tolerated with a low incidence of drug-related adverse events, the most common being GI. CONCLUSIONS Twice daily IV cefuroxime followed by oral cefuroxime axetil is a simple and effective sequential therapy regimen for the treatment of CAP. It offers potential cost savings and can replace the current tid regimen in this indication.