Semantic Faceted Search: Safe and Expressive Navigation in RDF Graphs

نویسندگان

  • Sébastien Ferré
  • Mireille Ducassé
چکیده

Faceted search and querying are the two main paradigms to search the Semantic Web. Querying languages, such as SPARQL, offer expressive means for searching knowledge bases, but they are difficult to use. Query assistants help users to write well-formed queries, but they do not prevent empty results. Faceted search supports exploratory search, i.e., guided navigation that returns rich feedbacks to users, and prevents them to make navigation steps that lead to empty results (dead-ends). However, faceted search systems do not offer the same expressiveness as query languages. We introduce semantic faceted search, the combination of an expressive query language and faceted search to reconcile the two paradigms. The query language is basically SPARQL, but with a syntax that extends Turtle with disjunction and negation, and that better fits in a faceted search interface: LISQL. We formalize the navigation of faceted search as a navigation graph, where nodes are queries, and navigation links are query transformations. We prove that this navigation graph is safe (no dead-end), and complete (every query that is not a dead-end can be reached by navigation). That formalization itself is a contribution to faceted search. A prototype, Camelis 2, has been implemented, and a usability evaluation with graduate students demonstrated that semantic faceted search retains the ease-of-use of faceted search, and enables most users to build complex queries with little training. Key-words: semantic web, faceted search, query language, exploratory search, navigation, expressiveness Recherche à facettes sémantique : une navigation sûre et expressive dans les graphes RDF Résumé : La recherche à facettes et l’interrogation sont les principaux paradigmes de recherche d’information dans le Web sémantique. Les langages de requêtes, tels que SPARQL, offre une grande expressivité pour l’interrogation de bases de connaissances, mais ils sont difficiles d’utilisation. Les assistants de requêtes aident les utilisateurs à écrire des requêtes bien formées, mais ils n’empêchent pas les résultats vides. La recherche à facettes permet une recherches exploratoire, c’est-à-dire une navigation guidée offrant aux utilisateurs des résultats riches et leur permettant d’éviter des résultats vides (impasses). Cependant, les systèmes de recherche à facettes n’offrent pas la même expressivité que les langages de requêtes. Nous introduisons la recherche à facettes sémantique, la combinaison d’un langage de requêtes expressif et de la recherche à facette afin de réconcilier les deux paradigmes. Le langage de requête est basé sur SPARQL, mais avec une syntaxe qui étend la notation Turtle à la disjonction et à la négation, et qui convient mieux à une interface de recherche à facettes: LISQL. Nous formalisons la navigation de la recherche à facettes par un graphe de navigation, où les noeuds sont des requêtes et les liens de navigation sont des transformations de requêtes. Nous prouvons que ce graphe de navigation est sûr (pas d’impasse) et complet (toute requête qui n’est pas une impasse peut être atteinte par navigation). Cette formalisation elle-même constitue une contribution à la recherche à facettes. Un prototype, Camelis 2, a été implémenté et une étude d’utilisabilité avec des étudiants de master a permit de démontrer que la recherche à facettes sémantique conserve la facilité d’utilisation de la recherche à facettes et permet à la plupart des utilisateurs de construire des requêtes complexes avec peu de pratique. Mots clés : web sémantique, recherche à facettes, langage de requêtes, recherche exploratoire, navigation, expressivité * Équipe LIS, Université de Rennes 1 ** Équipe LIS, INSA Rennes *** Équipe LIS, INSA Rennes c ©IRISA – Campus de Beaulieu – 35042 Rennes Cedex – France – +33 2 99 84 71 00 – www.irisa.fr in ria -0 05 54 09 3, v er si on 1 10 J an 2 01 1 2 Sébastien Ferré, Alice Hermann, Mireille Ducassé {Prenom.Nom}@irisa.fr

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تاریخ انتشار 2011