Comparison of Three Chromogenic Media for Recovery of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci from Rectal Swab Samples

Background: Three chromogenic media using direct inoculation were compared with enriched enterococcosel broth for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and/or Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) surveillance. Methods: A total of 174 rectal swabs were included for VRE surveillance. The specimens were transferred in enterococcosel broth (EB). An aliquot of the broth was inoculated onto Brilliance VRE, chromID VRE, and VRESelect media and incubated for up to 48 h. We examined each media and EB after 24 h and 48 h of incubation. When appropriately colored colonies were observed, identification was confirmed using the VITEK-2 system and/or VITEK MS. Vancomycin susceptibility was confirmed by disk diffusion test. The presence of resistance genes was confirmed using Anyplex VanR Real-time Detection (Seegene, Korea). Results: Of the 174 rectal swab specimens, 73 VRE were isolated. For enterococcosel broth, Brilliance VRE, chromID VRE, and VRESelect, the sensitivity at 24 h was 79.2%, 83.3%, 79.2%, and 79.2%, respectively. The sensitivity at 48 h was 91.7%, 93.1%, 91.4%, and 90.3%, respectively. The specificity at 24 h was 85.3%, 97.1%, 98.0%, and 98.0%, while that at 48 h was 79.4%, 85.3%, 95.2%, and 95.1%, respectively. The specificity of chromogenic media at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than that of EB. Furthermore, the specificity at 48 h was significantly higher for chromID VRE and VRESelect than Brilliance VRE, although color distinction was easier with VRESelect. Conclusion: Based on our results, use of chromID VRE or VRESelect is more reliable and convenient for screening of VRE. In addition, five vanA-positive Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus durans were isolated, and two of them (one E. avium and one E. durans) were detected only on VRESelect. (Ann Clin Microbiol 2015;18:82-87)