Health Impacts of Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Oxide at Al- Taneem Area, Makkah, Ksa

The current study discussed Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentrations in AlTaneem, Makkah, Saudi Arabia during the period from 1 September 2015 to 31 October 2015. The study showed that the mean concentrations of CO and NO2 were 0.347 (0.162 – 0.545 mg/m) and 33.4 (16.3 – 53.1 μg/m), respectively. These levels were lower than PME standards (10 mg/m and 660 μg/m for CO and NO2, respectively). Results showed that the inhalation dose of exposure to CO and NO2 concentrations during sampling period were 0.136 (0.064-0.214 mg/kg/day) for CO, 0.013 (0.006 -0.021 mg/kg/day) for NO2. Furthmore, it showed that inhalation cancer risk as a result of exposure to CO and NO2 concentrations during sampling period were 0.149 (0.07 0.235) for CO, 0.014 (0.007-0.023) for NO2. Finally, results of AirQ2.2.3 model predicted that the number of hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases as a result of exposure to concentrations of CO and NO2 were 1238 (22-2971 case) for CO and 179 (2-362 case) for NO2 in every 100,000 people. In addition, it showed that the response concentration factor (95% CI) was 0.30 (0.11-0.49%) and 0.04 (0.01-0.06%) for CO and NO2 concentrations, respectively, per 10 μg/m increase.