The IFN-independent response to virus particle entry provides a first line of antiviral defense that is independent of TLRs and retinoic acid-inducible gene I.

TLRs and Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I Antiviral Defense That Is Independent of Particle Entry Provides a First Line of The IFN-Independent Response to Virus

TRIM14 is a mitochondrial adaptor that facilitates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor-mediated innate immune response.

Innate immunity provides the first line of host defense against invading microbial pathogens. This defense involves retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors that detect viral RNA and activate the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS) protein, an adaptor protein, leading to activation of the innate antiviral immune response. The mechanisms by which the MAVS signalosome assembles on mitoc...

Zebrafish IRF1 Regulates IFN Antiviral Response through Binding to IFNf1 and IFNf3 Promoters Downstream of MyD88 Signaling

In mammals, type I IFNs (mainly IFN-a/b) are primarily regulated by transcription factors of the IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family. Fish IFNs do not show a one-to-one orthologous relationship with mammalian type I IFN homologues. Using a bacterial one-hybrid reporter screening system and an overexpression approach to explore the molecular mechanism underlying fish IFN induction, we identified ...

Zinc-finger antiviral protein mediates retinoic acid inducible gene I-like receptor-independent antiviral response to murine leukemia virus.

When host cells are infected by an RNA virus, pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize the viral RNA and induce the antiviral innate immunity. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) detects the genomic RNA of incoming murine leukemia virus (MLV) in endosomes and mediates the antiviral response. However, the RNA-sensing PRR that recognizes the MLV in the cytosol is not fully understood. Here, we defi...

[Role of the RIG-I-like receptors in antiviral response].

The innate nonspecific immunity is the first line of defense against viral infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are two main receptor families detecting viral nucleic acid. So far, three RLR family members were characterized: RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2. RLR constitute a family of cytoplasmic helicases, which recognized intracellular si...