Opioid Analgesics
نویسندگان
چکیده
Intensive research on the neurobiology of pain over the past two decades has revealed many receptors, ion channels and enzymes with potential as novel targets for development of a new generation of analgesic agents. However, despite large investment in preclinical and clinical development of small molecules and biologics as potential novel pain therapeutics, very few have reached the clinic. Hence, drugs used in the clinical setting for the pharmacological management of pain continue to be those that were first recommended in 1986 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for the management of chronic cancer pain (WHO, 1986). Twenty-five years on, the WHO 3-step Analgesic Ladder (Figure 1) is still used widely to guide the pharmacological management of pain and opioid analgesics are the mainstay for alleviation of moderate to severe nociceptive pain.
منابع مشابه
Adverse Selection? A Multi-Dimensional Profile of People Dispensed Opioid Analgesics for Persistent Non-Cancer Pain
OBJECTIVES This study investigates utilisation patterns for prescription opioid analgesics in the Australian community and how these are associated with a framework of individual-level factors related to healthcare use. METHODS Self-reported demographic and health information from participants in the 45 and Up Study cohort were linked to pharmaceutical claims from 2006-2009. Participants comp...
متن کاملBenzodiazepine prescribing patterns and drug overdose mortality among individuals receiving opioid analgesics
Background Drug overdose mortality, particularly involving opioid analgesics, has risen steadily over the past two decades and is now the leading cause of injury death in the United States. Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed concurrently to individuals receiving opioid analgesics. Little is known about the association between benzodiazepine-prescribing patterns and overdose mortality in th...
متن کاملIncrease in fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics in the United States, 1999-2006.
KEY FINDINGS Data from the National Vital Statistics System Mortality File. From 1999 through 2006, the number of fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics more than tripled from 4,000 to 13,800 deaths. Opioid analgesics were involved in almost 40% of all poisoning deaths in 2006. In 2006, the rate of poisoning deaths involving opioid analgesics was higher for males, persons aged 35-54 years...
متن کاملOpioid analgesia in horses.
Opioid analgesics have been the foundation of human pain management for centuries, and their value in animals has increased since it was proposed that it is the veterinarian's duty to alleviate pain whenever it may occur. Compared with other domesticated species, the horse has benefitted less from the increased understanding of opioid pharmacology in animals, because early literature was overlo...
متن کاملThe Future Of Opioid Analgesics
PROLOGUE The opioid analgesics represent an important class of agents for the treatment of severe clinical pain, but many effects often limit their usefulness. This manuscript will discuss recent findings in opioid pharmacology, and how medicinal chemists may be able to utilize these findings of novel opioid analgesics with reduced undesired effects. As such, the manuscript serves as an example...
متن کاملMajor increases in opioid analgesic abuse in the United States: concerns and strategies.
The problem of abuse of and addiction to opioid analgesics has emerged as a major issue for the United States in the past decade and has worsened over the past few years. The increases in abuse of these opioids appear to reflect, in part, changes in medication prescribing practices, changes in drug formulations as well as relatively easy access via the internet. Though the use of opioid analges...
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