An adaptive decorrelation method removes Illumina DNA base-calling errors caused by crosstalk between adjacent clusters

Base-calling accuracy is crucial for high-throughput DNA sequencing and downstream analysis such as read mapping and genome assembly. Accordingly, we made an endeavor to reduce DNA sequencing errors of Illumina systems by correcting three kinds of crosstalk in the cluster intensity data. We discovered that signal crosstalk between adjacent clusters accounts for a large portion of sequencing errors in Illumina systems, even after correcting color crosstalk caused by the overlap of dye emission spectra and phasing/pre-phasing caused by out-of-step nucleotide synthesis. Interestingly and importantly, spatial crosstalk between adjacent clusters is cluster-specific and often asymmetric, which cannot be corrected by existing deconvolution methods. Therefore, we introduce a novel mathematical method able to estimate and remove spatial crosstalk, thereby reducing base-calling errors by 44-69% at a given mapping rate from Illumina systems. Furthermore, the resolution gained from this work provides new room for higher throughput of DNA sequencing and of general measurement systems using fluorescence-based imaging technology. The resulting base-caller 3Dec is available for academic users at http://github.com/flishwnag/3dec. Not only does it reduce 62.1% errors compared to the standard pipeline, but also its implementation is fast enough for daily sequencing.