An update on Immunologic Infertility - special Emphasis on Role of PD - 1 ( Programmed Death 1 ) Gene

The association of antisperm antibodies and autoimmunity or presence of gamma delta T cells in semen associated with men with ASA related infertility has been recognized as early as the early 90’s with specific correlation with antiphospholipid antibodies but it has been concluded in a review in 2002 by Mclachlan RI 2002 that since IUI/ICSI is the final answer there is no point in bothering about looking or investigating for antisperm antibodies and hence not much interest was given till recently interest got rekindled by the appearance of a report on the presence of programed death 1(PD-1) gene polymorphisms in men with ASA related infertility as PD-1 is a negative costimulatory molecule also found in sertoli cells and associated with the transplantation potential or helping in the immune privileged site of testis as reported by Dal secco and hence this review is done to highlight the implications of getting insight into the reason for male immune infertility and its difference from female one and correlation with other autoimmune disorders and future therapeutic potentials including in recurrent mishaps as well as for future orthotopic testicular transplantation in men with testis in inguinal region other causes of immune infertility as simple as just subtle chlamydia infection.