Glottal Area Estimates for Different Voicing Types

L'aire glottique au noyau vocalique est calculee pour 9 types de voisement differents (niveaux moyen, fort et faible; frequences fondamentales baute et hasse ; phonations normale, breathy et pressee) pour 10 locuteurs differents, en utilisant l'equation de l'orifice. Une variabilite considerable inter-locuteurs et entre les types de voix est trouvee, mais quelques tendances sont observees. Des hauts debits et des grandes aires glottiques sont associes a la VOiX breathy, alors que c'est le COntraire pour la phonation pressee. Compares au niveau moyen, les voisements fort et faible produisent, respectivement, une augmentation et une diminution correspondantes de la pression sous-glottique (Psg). Le debit volumique de l'air et Ia pression sous-glottique tendent a s'accroftre lorsque la frequence fondamentale augmente. The glottal area at a mid-vowel position is calculated for 9 different voicing types (medium, loud and soft Ievels; mid, high and low pitch; normal, breathy and pressed phonation) for 10 different speakers, using an ori:fice equation. Considerable variability is found across speakers and voicing types, but some general consistencies are noted. Higher fl.owrates and larger glottal areas are associated with breathy voicing, whilst the opposite is true for pressed phonation. Compared to medium level, loud and soft voicing produce a corresponding increase and decrease respectively in subglottal pressure (Psg). Volume fl.owrate of air and subglottal pressure tend to increase when pitch is raised. INTRODUCTION The glottal area function is an important parameter in articulatory synthesis. Glottal areas can be estimated by taking into account the glottal width observed on high speed film of the vocal folds (Titze, 1980). Direct measurement of vocal fold lengths and glottal width can be made by means of a stereo-:fiberscope (Sawashima and Miyazaki, 1974; Honda et al., 1980). A less invasive method uses airfl.ow and air pressure data in an ori:fice equation to estimate the glottal area. Many different kinds of data point to a mean glottal area of about 0.05cm2 for voicing in adults