Precise Asymptotics of Small Eigenvalues of Reversible Diffusions in the Metastable Regime

نویسندگان

  • Michael Eckhoff
  • M. ECKHOFF
چکیده

We investigate the close connection between metastability of the reversible diffusion process X defined by the stochastic differential equation dXt =−∇F (Xt)dt+ √ 2εdWt, ε > 0, and the spectrum near zero of its generator −Lε ≡ ε∆−∇F ·∇, where F :R → R and W denotes Brownian motion on R. For generic F to each local minimum of F there corresponds a metastable state. We prove that the distribution of its rescaled relaxation time converges to the exponential distribution as ε ↓ 0 with optimal and uniform error estimates. Each metastable state can be viewed as an eigenstate of Lε with eigenvalue which converges to zero exponentially fast in 1/ε. Modulo errors of exponentially small order in 1/ε this eigenvalue is given as the inverse of the expected metastable relaxation time. The eigenstate is highly concentrated in the basin of attraction of the corresponding trap.

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تاریخ انتشار 2005