Perspective, logophoricity, and embedded tense in Japanese

The organization of the paper is as follows. In Section 2, I review the two major approaches to Japanese tenses in past studies, i.e. the “uniform/non-indexical” approach (e.g. Ogihara 1996) and the “non-uniform/indexical” approach (e.g. Oshima 2006a), drawing on data that involve tenses in matrix clauses and in complement clauses (of utterance/attitude predicates).1 In Section 3, I consider tenses in relative clauses, which are often ambiguous between the so-called independent and relative interpretations, and demonstrate data sets that pose a challenge for the uniform analysis along the lines of Ogihara (1996). In Section 4, I propose that Japanese tenses are ambiguous between the indexical use and the perspectival use, where the former may be further split into the