Particle size reduction of phthalocyanine blue pigment

…………………………………………………………………………….v TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………….vi LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………….. vii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………. viii I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….. 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………... 5 A. Mixing and Dispersions…………………………………………... 6 B. Grinding/Milling and Dispersants………………………………… 9 C. Pigments………………………………………………………….. 12 D. Equipment and Operating Parameters…………………………….. 15 E. Particle Size Distribution and Residence Time Distribution………17 F. Power Requirements……………………………………………… 19 III. EXPERIMENTAL……………………………………………………. 24 A. Equipment………………………………………………………… 24 B. Lab Mill Operating Procedures…………………………………… 26 IV. RESULTS AND EVALUATION…………………………………….. 29 A. Preliminary………………………………………………………... 30 B. Optimization………………………………………………………. 36 C. Validation…………………………………………………………. 43 D. Epilog…………………………………………………………….. 49 V. CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………… 50 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………………… 51 LIST OF REFERENCES………………………………………………………………52 APPENDIX I. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS………………………………… 54 APPENDIX II. PRELIMINARY DATA……………………………………… 59 APPENDIX III. VALIDATION DATA……………………………………….. 63 VITA…………………................................................................................................... 67