Introduction: Farmers, Scientists and Plant Breeding: Knowledge, Practice and the Possibilities for Collaboration
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چکیده
Control over management of the world’s resources is increasingly contested because of economic, political and biophysical globalization, and increasing demands of a growing population of more than 6 billion. This has led to new interest in indigenous or traditional knowledge in many areas, including agriculture and plant breeding. Farmers were the first plant breeders, beginning with domestication of plants over 12,000 years ago. Modern, scientific plant breeding developed in the last two centuries, and has become increasingly separated from farmers, especially in non-industrial regions. Plant breeding systems consist not only of crop genotypes and growing environments, but also of the social structures in which plant breeding is carried out, and the knowledge of farmers and scientists. Because of the challenge to make plant breeding and agriculture more environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, there is increasing interest in reuniting farmer and scientific plant breeding. Globalization, Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge, and Plant Breeding Population growth, environmental degradation and the integration of physical, biological and sociocultural systems on a global scale, have all increased dramatically in the last few centuries, and especially in the last 50 years. With productive resources becoming scarcer and more contested, attention has focused on the potential value of local CAB International 2002. Farmers, Scientists and Plant Breeding (eds D.A. Cleveland and D. Soleri) 1
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Cleveland, David A. (Department of Anthropology and the Environmental Studies Program, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-3210, USA, [email protected]), Daniela Soleri (Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona, 1955 E 6 th St, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; current address, Center for People, Food and Environment, 340 Arboleda, Santa Barbara, CA 93110, USA, and Institute f...
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