Diversity and genetic structure of the native Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) population.

The present study was carried out in a native Brazil nut tree population (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl., Lecythidaceae) to assess its genetic diversity and structure. Ten microsatellite markers were used to genotype 198 adult trees (B. excelsa). The population presented high genetic diversity and inbreeding absence rates. The empirical Bayesian method showed three distinct groups in the structure of this population. Molecular analysis of variance showed 98% variability within groups, and 2% between groups. The genetic divergence (FST) indicated little difference between groups; thus, suggesting efficient gene flow between the analyzed B. excelsa adult trees.