Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Multiple Sclerosis: Potential for Novel Neuro-Pharmacological Research
نویسنده
چکیده
There is growing evidence that the env genes of two or more human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) of the W family are contributing to the inflammatory processes, and thus to the pathogenesis, of multiple sclerosis (MS). Increasing understanding of the human endogenous retroviral locus, ERVWE1, and the putative multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus, or MSRV, and in particular of the HERV-W env sequences associated with these, offers the potential of new lines of pharmacological research that might assist diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of multiple sclerosis.
منابع مشابه
Endogenous Retroviruses and the Human Genome: Implications for Human Disease
Introduction Lifecycle and Genome Organization Endogenization Process and Host-Virus Evolution Classification of HERVs HERV Manipulation of Host Function Host Defenses against HERVs Cancer Multiple Sclerosis Schizophrenia Azoospermia Conclusions Sources Abstract Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute approximately 8% of the human genome (16, 22, 39, 55). These ancient retroviruses rep...
متن کاملMultiple Sclerosis between Genetics and Infections: Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Monocytes and Macrophages
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unknown, but there is strong evidence that genetic predisposition associated with environmental factors can trigger the disease. An estimated 30 million years ago, exogenous retroviruses are thought to have integrated themselves into human germ line cells, becoming part of human DNA and being transmitted over generations. Usually such human endog...
متن کاملAre human endogenous retroviruses triggers of autoimmune diseases? Unveiling associations of three diseases and viral loci
Autoimmune diseases encompass a plethora of conditions in which the immune system attacks its own tissue, identifying them as foreign. Multiple factors are thought to contribute to the development of immune response to self, including differences in genotypes, hormonal milieu, and environmental factors. Viruses including human endogenous retroviruses have long been linked to the occurrence of a...
متن کاملEndogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis.
Endogenous retroviruses are normal constituents in vertebrate genomes. They have been associated with various diseases of presumed autoimmune etiology. However, conclusive evidence of their significance as susceptibility factors in these diseases is still lacking. In our laboratory we have focused attention upon endogenous retroviruses as candidate genes in multiple sclerosis. In this communica...
متن کاملEndogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis–new pieces to the puzzle
The possibility that retroviruses play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been considered; accumulating findings suggest this to be most likely in the form of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). A genetic test series of fifty endogenous retroviral loci for association with MS in Danes showed SNP markers near a specific endogenous retroviral locus, HERV-Fc1 located on the X-chromosome...
متن کامل