Estimating efficacy of trivalent, cold-adapted, influenza virus vaccine (CAIV-T) against influenza A (H1N1) and B using surveillance cultures.
نویسندگان
چکیده
The authors report on a community-based, nonrandomized, open-label study, conducted during the 2000-2001 influenza season in Temple-Belton, Texas, of the protective effectiveness of trivalent, cold-adapted, influenza virus vaccine (CAIV-T) in children aged 18 months-18 years. The dominant circulating strains in 2000-2001 were influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) and influenza B/Sichuan/379/99. Children had access to CAIV-T during the 1998-1999, 1999-2000, and 2000-2001 influenza seasons. The vaccine included influenza A/Sydney/5/97 (H3N2) and B/Beijing/184/93-like (B/Ann Arbor/l/94) strains in all three seasons. The vaccine included A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1) in 1998-1999 and 1999-2000, which was replaced by A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) in 2000-2001. When medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) was used as the outcome, the protective effectiveness for children vaccinated in 2000 was 18% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11, 25). Based on a combination of a validation sample of surveillance cultures and the MAARI outcome, protective efficacy against combined influenza A (H1N1) and B was 79% (95% CI: 51, 91). The efficacy estimate, after accounting for missing influenza culture status, against influenza A (H1N1) alone was 92% (95% CI: 42, 99) and against a new variant of influenza B alone was 66% (95% CI: 9, 87). CAIV-T provides substantial protection against a mixture of influenza A (H1N1) and B. Results demonstrate the powerful potential of using validation sets for outcomes in vaccine field studies.
منابع مشابه
Direct and total effectiveness of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine against the 2000-2001 influenza A(H1N1) and B epidemic in healthy children.
BACKGROUND The efficacy of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine (CAIV-T) against influenza A(H3N2) and B infections in healthy persons is established, but its effectiveness against natural influenza A(H1N1) infection is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of CAIV-T in healthy children during the 2000-2001 influenza A(H1N1) and B epidemic. ...
متن کاملCommentary: Observational studies and the art of accurately measuring influenza vaccine benefits.
influenza: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2006;55(No. RR-10):1–42. 21 Rothberg MB, Fisher D, Kelly B, Rose DN. Management of influenza symptoms in healthy children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005;159:1055–62. 22 Meara MO, Brien AO, Feely E, Conlon M. Influenza A outbreak in a community hospital. Ir Med J 2006;99(6):175–7. 23 Nichol KL, Mendelman ...
متن کاملSafety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of trivalent live cold-adapted influenza vaccine administered intranasally as drops or spray to healthy children.
The safety and immunogenicity of various doses of trivalent cold-adapted influenza vaccine (CAIV-T) administered intranasally by drops or spray to children aged 18-71 months was examined. CAIV-T containing A/Johannesburg/33/94 (H3N2), B/Panama/45/90, and A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) was safe and well-tolerated. At the highest CAIV-T dose, 90%, 50%, and 16% of initially seronegative subjects seroconvert...
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BACKGROUND Young children have a high incidence of influenza and influenza-related complications. This study compared the efficacy and safety of cold-adapted influenza vaccine, trivalent (CAIV-T) with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in young children with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTIs). METHODS Children 6 to 71 months of age were randomized to receive...
متن کاملKinetics of viral shedding and immune responses in adults following administration of cold-adapted influenza vaccine.
The optimal type and timing of specimens to study the immune responses to cold-adapted influenza vaccine (CAIV) and shedding of vaccine virus are not well established. Healthy adults were vaccinated with CAIV (n=10) or trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) (n=5). Shedding of vaccine strain influenza B was detected by culture in 6 of 10 CAIV recipients; influenza A was also detected in one of these ...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- American journal of epidemiology
دوره 158 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2003