A guide to learning about livelihood impacts of REDD+
نویسندگان
چکیده
A guide to learning about livelihood impacts of REDD+ projects. Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of CIFOR, the authors' institutions or the financial sponsors of this paper. iii Contents Acknowledgements vi Executive summary vii Preface xi 1 The case for learning from REDD+ 1 1.1 Why do we need to learn from REDD+ projects? 1 1.2 Why impact evaluation of social welfare outcomes? 6 1.3 Which projects should be evaluated? 7 1.4 Learning from the past 8 1.5 How we proceed 3 Understanding the causal mechanisms that link REDD+ interventions to outcomes 23 3.1 Understanding 'what' and 'why' 23 3.2 Situating causal model development in impact evaluation design 24 3.3 Mapping and testing causal models 25 4 Practical considerations for understanding the social welfare impacts of REDD+ 32 4.1 Budgets and evaluation capacity 32 4.2 Ethical considerations 33 5 Moving ahead with realising REDD+: Guidance for learning about social impacts 35 References 37 Glossary 48 Annexes A Worksheets 51 B Annotated bibliography 75 C About the technical guidelines and survey instruments 89 iv Figures 1 Global distribution of forest carbon projects 2 2 Decision tree for research design 15 3 Falsely attributing welfare declines to a REDD+ project due to before–after comparison 18 4 Falsely attributing welfare declines to a REDD+ project due to control–intervention comparison without matching 19 5 Levels of community participation in research 34 Tables 1 Research design options for ex post evaluation of impacts based on empirical evidence 13 2 Components of a map of the causal chain 26
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