Three-Dimensional Integrated Optics Using Polymers
نویسندگان
چکیده
Some of the key components are demonstrated to make three-dimensional (3-D) optical integrated circuits possible using polymers. Fabrication techniques of shadow reactive ion etching, shadow photolithography, and gray-level photolithography to produce complex 3-D integrated optic structures are demonstrated. Vertical waveguide bends exhibit excess losses of <0.3 dB, and vertical power splitters possess predictable output splitting ratios between multiple core levels with excess losses of <0.5 dB. Vertical polarization splitters exhibit power extinction ratios of 15 dB between the output core layers. A 1 4 vertical–horizontal power splitter is also demonstrated. Additionally, these techniques are used to integrate different polymer materials into the same optical circuit while easily solving the mode mismatch problem. To show the technique, a polymer electrooptic modulator is vertically integrated with a low-loss waveguide.
منابع مشابه
Edgewise Compression Behavior of Three-Dimensional Integrated Woven Sandwich Composite Panels
متن کامل
Fabrication of 2-D photonic crystals using azo polymers
In this paper, we have reported the fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals, using a direct writing method in azo polymers. Periodic structures have been fabricated using the interference patterns of two coherent laser beams. The frequency response of the initial one-dimensional structure shows an attenuation of 19.3dB at 1554nm. The twodimensional structure shows 8.3dB and 11.3dB of a...
متن کامل3D direct-write waveguides in diffusion photopolymers
Three-dimensional direct-write lithography can be used to pattern waveguides into diffusion photopolymer using low-power CW lasers as an alternative to femtosecond writing in glass. We show that polymer chemistry permits significant control of waveguide shape. © 2005, Optical Society of America OCIS Codes: (130.3120) Integrated optics devices, (160.2900) Holographic recording materials, (130.31...
متن کامل3D micro-optic circuits in holographic photopolymers
Three-dimensional direct-write lithography into diffusion-mediated photopolymers developed for holography is shown to create 10 micron single-mode waveguides. We demonstrate low-loss waveguides, 90 degree bends off of encapsulated mirrors and fabrication of waveguides to embedded fibers. ©2007 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (160.5470) Polymers, (160.2900) Holographic recording materials...
متن کاملPolymeric-lens-embedded 2D/3D switchable display with dramatically reduced crosstalk.
A two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) display system is presented based on a twisted-nematic cell integrated polymeric microlens array. This device structure has the advantages of fast response time and low operation voltage. The crosstalk of the system is analyzed in detail and two approaches are proposed to reduce the crosstalk: a double lens system and the prism approach. Illuminance d...
متن کامل