The community dynamics of epiphytic midge larvae across the pelagic–littoral interface: do animals respond to changes in the abiotic environment?
نویسندگان
چکیده
In some littoral systems, abiotic heterogeneity results from the edge of vegetation towards the shore as macrophytes gradually impede mixing between pelagic and littoral water. During the summer of 1994, we investigated whether such abiotic heterogeneity influenced epiphytic midge larvae (Diptera:Chironomidae) inhabiting a stand of Scirpus americanus in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. After macrophytes became well established, gradients in six parameters of water quality (turbidity, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and chloride) formed horizontally from the macrophyte edge towards the shore. In outer portions of the stand where physico-chemical properties were influenced by the influx of pelagic surface waves, chironomid abundance increased to 1076 larvae ⋅ stem–1. Diversity (H′) in these areas remained constant over the summer with grazing and filter-feeding taxa equally represented. Further into the macrophyte bed where water quality indicated highly reduced mixing, midge abundance never exceeded 27 individuals ⋅ stem–1 and larval biomass was reduced 2–4 fold. Loss of filter-feeding taxa resulted in a dramatic decline in diversity in these areas after formation of the abiotic gradients. This study suggests that pelagic–littoral water exchange may result in environmental heterogeneity that directly or indirectly influences epiphytic invertebrate community structure and function. Résumé : Dans certains systèmes littoraux, il se produit une hétérogénéité abiotique entre la bordure de la végétation et le rivage à mesure que le mélange des eaux pélagiques et des eaux littorales est entravé par la croissance des macrophytes. Durant l’été de 1994, les auteurs ont tenté de savoir si cette hétérogénéité abiotique avait une influence sur les larves épiphytes de moucherons (diptères : Chironomidae) qui s’abritent dans une colonie de Scirpus americanus de la baie Saginaw, dans le lac Huron. Une fois les macrophytes bien établis, des gradients horizontaux se sont formés pour six paramètres de la qualité de l’eau (turbidité, alcalinité, pH, oxygène dissous, conductivité et chlorure) depuis la bordure des macrophytes jusqu’au rivage. Du côté extérieur de la colonie, là où les propriétés physico-chimiques étaient modifiées par l’afflux des vagues de surface du secteur pélagique, l’abondance des chironomidés a augmenté pour atteindre 1 076 larves ⋅ tige–1. Dans ces secteurs, la diversité (H′) est demeurée constante durant l’été, les espèces brouteuses et les espèces filtreuses étant également représentées. Plus loin dans l’herbier de macrophytes, où la qualité de l’eau indique que le brassage est extrêmement réduit, l’abondance des moucherons n’a jamais dépassé 27 individus ⋅ tige–1, et la biomasse des larves a été réduite de 2 à 4 fois. La perte d’espèces filtreuses a entraîné une très grave diminution de la diversité à cet endroit après la formation de gradients abiotiques. Les résultats de l’étude semblent indiquer que l’échange entre les eaux littorales et les eaux pélagiques peut entraîner une hétérogénéité environnementale qui influence, directement ou non, la structure et les fonctions de la communauté d’invertébrés épiphytes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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