Buccaneering doctors.
نویسنده
چکیده
The buccaneers who followed the seventeenth-century "Sweete Trade of Privateering" in the Indies are generally regarded as bold adventurers, impervious to hardship and meeting danger in "Harry Morgan's Way" with amazing nonchalance.' To a certain extent this was true, but a closer examination of their way of life dispels any charge of complete foolhardiness. United in "The Confederacy of the Brethren of the Coast" with strict rules for mutual protection and division of the "prey" (spoils), they sailed under official letters of marque or commissions from local governors and invariably chose their own captains, quickly leaving any who, before an expedition, failed to make adequate provision or to include medical personnel.2 William Dampier clearly expressed the anxiety felt on a dangerous return journey over the Isthmus of Darien, when their "chirurgeon" was seriously incapacitated "Because lyable Ourselves every Moment to Misfortune and none to look after Us but Him".3 There is evidence of doctors serving on privateering vessels from the early days of the Confederacy on Tortuga off north Hispaniola in 1630, indeed, the first buccaneering captain on record, Pierre le Grand, is noted as ordering his surgeon to perforate the hull of their boat before the famous attack on the Spanish flagship so that the crew had no option but to take the enemy craft. Late in the century there were two surgeons to a ship or else a surgeon and his mate: Dampier bemoans the death of "one of the surgeons ... much lamented because we only had one more", while mutinous crewmen at Minadano in 1687 who failed to enveigle the surgeon aboard, forcibly abducted "his Mate", Coppinger.4
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Medical History
دوره 36 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1992