Imaging Tree Roots with Borehole Radar

نویسندگان

  • John R. Butnor
  • Kurt H. Johnsen
  • Tomas Lundmark
  • Sune Linder
چکیده

Ground-penetrating radar has been used to detect and map tree roots using surface-based antennas in reflection mode. On amenable soils these methods can accurately detect lateral tree roots. In some tree species (e.g. Pinus taeda, Pinus palustris), vertically orientated tap roots directly beneath the tree, comprise most of the root mass. It is difficult if not impossible to vertically delineate these roots with surface-based radars. To address this problem, a collaborative project between the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Radarteam AB and the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), was undertaken in August 2003 to assess the potential of high-frequency borehole radar to detect vertical, near-surface reflectors (0-2 m) resulting from tree roots. A set of controlled experiments on buried logs were used to test the efficacy of crosshole and borehole to surface travel time data to model near surface woody targets with tomography. Using these results, five Pinus sylvestris trees were scanned with borehole to surface radar and tomograms of their root systems were created. Three of the five tomograms compared favorably with root distribution maps made using destructively sampled data. However, the other two trees were misinterpreted, one was sharply underestimated, the other overestimated. This is the first report of using borehole radar to study vertical tree roots. Crosshole tomography provided excellent information on the depth of tree roots, but was less useful for imaging near surface features. Borehole to surface measures provided the best information on the near surface, where the bulk of roots are found (0-0.3 m). The technique has promise in forest research, but the development of new high-frequency borehole antennas, and forward modeling software that allows concurrent processing of travel-time and amplitude data is necessary to further this research.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Three-dimensional Borehole Radar Imaging

Before embarking on any mining operation, it is advantageous to locate the subsurface orebody in three-dimensions with a high resolution (~1m) ahead of actual mining, because this will increase productivity and efficiency. Borehole radar is such an emerging mapping tool in the mining industry, that can be used to image the subsurface orebody with high resolution. 3-D subsurface imaging using tw...

متن کامل

Current Applications of Gpr in Forest Research

Forests, both naturally regenerated stands and plantations are complex, long-lived systems, which can be difficult to assess and monitor over time. This is especially true of belowground biomass and internal features of trees which are inaccessible except by destructive sampling. Traditional methods are expensive, destructive, time-consuming, usually yield a small sample size and are not conduc...

متن کامل

Feasibility of borehole radar measurements to monitor water/steam fronts in enhanced oil recovery applications

A technique capable of capturing the dynamics of reservoir fluids in the proximity of production wells would provide enormous benefits to the reservoir management. In fact, monitoring can be used to develop a feedback loop between measurements and control technologies to optimize production. This paper examines the feasibility of a borehole radar tool for near-wellbore imaging. Modeling results...

متن کامل

A borehole radar system for South African gold and platinum mines

Borehole radar is an electromagnetic tool that can be applied to assist in the delineation of orebody geometry, ideally using routinely drilled cover and exploration boreholes. Successful trials of borehole radar for delineating reef horizons on South African gold and platinum mines have led to the development of a borehole radar system specifically designed for routine application in those eny...

متن کامل

3-d Estimation of Target Positions with Borehole Radar Using E-field Sensor Array

In this paper, we demonstrate three-dimensional estimation of target positions with borehole radar in single borehole. We developed array type borehole radar having four dipole antennas with optical modulators. Experiment at a model site was done using the developed radar system. In the site, one borehole, in which there is no fluid, and one cave exist. Receiving dipole antennas and a transmitt...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2006