Statistically Analyzing Execution Variance for Soft Real-Time Applications

Certain high-performance applications like multimedia and gaming have performance requirements beyond reducing program execution time. These applications have repetitive components whose desired performance characteristics are more naturally expressed using soft realtime theory with its probabilistic guarantees. However, for large complex gaming and multimedia applications, programmers typically avoid real-time constructs as they significantly constrain how the programmer can express functionality. Instead, such applications are developed as monolithic programs using conventional languages like C/C++. Here the soft real-time behavior of the application becomes an emergent quality rather than being enforced by design. Programmers must then tweak parameters/algorithms until the application’s soft real-time behavior becomes acceptable. There are currently no analysis techniques that directly extract the soft real-time execution characteristics of monolithic applications written without the use of real-time constructs. We introduce a domain-agnostic profiling methodology that identifies program execution-contexts whose variant behavior most significantly affects the soft real-time characteristics of the application.