Service Network Design of Bike Sharing Systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
Bike sharing has recently enabled sustainable means of shared mobility through automated rental stations in metropolitan areas. Spatio-temporal variation of bike rentals leads to imbalances in the distribution of bikes causing full or empty stations in the course of a day. Ensuring the reliable provision of bikes and bike racks is crucial for the viability of these systems. This paper presents an integrated approach of mathematical optimization and intelligent data analysis to support service network design in bike sharing systems. Introducing the notion of service network design to bike sharing systems, we aim to show the usefulness of tactical planning for shared mobility systems. Designing a service network requires the suitable aggregation of operational data as well as the anticipation of operational decisions. We present a mixed-integer programming formulation aiming at cost-efficient fill levels bikes at stations given a predefined service level for different scenarios of bike demand. Operational relocation decisions are anticipated by a dynamic transportation model yielding relocation services. Different scenarios of bike demand are considered as realizations of typical bike flows between stations in terms of time-dependent origin / destination matrices. We employ an intelligent data analysis approach to generate typical bike flows from individual trips recorded automatically in bike sharing systems. Intelligent data analysis produces spatio-temporal distributions of bike flows and helps determining typical trip purposes in combination with methods from the field of urban transportation planning. The proposed methodology is exemplified based on two years of operational data from Vienna’s “Citybike Wien”. Computational experiments show how fill levels vary according to different scenarios of bike demand. Furthermore, spatio-temporal characteristics of relocation services are provided, which can support operators of bike sharing systems in the planning and implementation of relocation services.
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