Physiologically-motivated modeling of the voice source in articulatory analysis/synthesis

This paper describes the implementation of a new parametric model of the glottal geometry aimed at improving male and female speech synthesis in the framework of articulatory analysis synthesis. The model represents glottal geometry in terms of inlet and outlet area waveforms and is controlled by parameters that are tightly coupled to physiology, such as vocal fold abduction. It is embedded in an articulatory analysis synthesis system (articulatory speech mimic). To introduce naturally occurring details in our synthetic glottal flow waveforms, we modelled two different kinds of leakage: a “ linked leak” and a “ parallel chink” . While the first is basically an incomplete glottal closure, the latter models a second glottal duct that is independent of the membranous (vibrating) part of the glottis. Characteristic for both types of leaks is that they increase dc-flow and source/tract interaction. A linked leak, however, gives rise to a steeper roll-off of the entire glottal flow spectrum, whereas a parallel chink decreases the energy of the lower frequencies more than the higher frequencies. In fact, for a parallel chink, the slope at the higher freqencies is more or less the same as in the no-leakage case.