Multimode surface wave sensitivity kernels in radially anisotropic earth media

S U M M A R Y I calculate three-dimensional (3-D) sensitivity kernels of multimode surface wave observables in radially anisotropic earth media for perturbations in wave speeds αH, αV, βH, βV and η as well as in density ρ. The 3-D phase-delay and amplitude kernels are formulated based upon Born approximation in the framework of surface wave mode summation, fully accounting for cross-branch mode coupling. Long-period, multimode, surface wave sensitivity kernels show structures of multiple reflected body waves. Jean’s relation can be applied to quantify the ‘mode-ray duality’ of multimode surface waves and provide guidelines for measurementwindow determination.