How Do the Social Benefits and Costs of the Patent System Stack Up in Pharmaceuticals?

نویسنده

  • Daniel J. Gifford
چکیده

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

O16: How Do Concepts of Evolutionary Psychology and Evolutionary Psychiatry Explain Anxiety Disorders?

Our ancestors without fear, worry and anxiety are not our ancestors, as organisms without defense systems were extinct. Therefore, while behavior such as fear and anxiety are useful to prevent harm, the exaggerated form, that is, anxiety disorders, has more costs than benefits. Likewise, while a panic attack is a normal and useful response in the face of life-threatening danger, a panic disorde...

متن کامل

A Framework for Assessing the Costs and Benefits to Developing Countries of TRIPs-Plus Rules in Trade Agreements

This paper looks at a variety of channels through which TRIPS-plus (TPS) provisions of trade agreements can impose costs or provide benefits to developing countries, by imposing stronger patent protections for pharmaceuticals. It describes these costs and benefits and how in principle it might be possible to quantify them. This summary briefly outlines the discussion of each of the main costs a...

متن کامل

Conceptual design of a super-critical CO2 brayton cycle based on stack waste heat recovery for shazand power plant in Iran

Conceptual design of a waste heat recovery cycle is carried out in attempt to enhance the thermal efficiency of a steam power plant. In the recovery system, super-critical an CO2 is employed as the working fluid operating in a Brayton cycle. Low grade heat rejected by the flue gases through the stack is used as the primary heat source, while a secondary heat exchanger utilizes th...

متن کامل

Interrelation of Preventive Care Benefits and Shared Costs under the Affordable Care Act (ACA)

With the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), access to insurance and coverage of preventive care services has been expanded. By removing the barrier of shared costs for preventive care, it is expected that an increase in utilization of preventive care services will reduce the cost of chronic diseases. Early detection and treatment is anticipated to be less costly than treatment at ...

متن کامل

Heat Transfer, Environmental Benefits, and Social Cost Analysis of Different Insulation Methods by Considering Insulation Disadvantages

In this paper, the thermal performance of four common insulators in two internal and external insulation systems is investigated for the ASHRAE setpoint range by applying detailed numerical simulation and Anti-Insulation phenomenon. Anti-Insulation phenomenon and consequent extra load on the HVAC system can occur following the thermal insulation of a building if proper temperature setpoint is n...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2016