Structure and Extinction of Heptane/Air Partially Premixed Flames

A numerical investigation of the structure and extinction of n-heptane/air partially premixed  ames in a counter ow conŽ guration is reported. The  ame is computed using a detailed reaction mechanism consisting of 275 elementary reactions and 41 species. The mechanism is validated by comparing its predictions with measurements for both the premixed and nonpremixed  ames. The partially premixed  ame structure is characterized by twostage burning or two spatially distinct, but synergistically coupled, reaction zones, namely, a rich premixed zone on the fuel side and a nonpremixed zone on the air side. Two major pathways characterize the n-heptane/air chemistry in these two reaction zones. The fuel is completely consumed in the premixed reaction zone, with ethylene and acetylene being the major intermediate species. Interactions between the two zones involve the transport of heat from the nonpremixed to the premixed reaction zone and the transport of CO, H2 , and C2H2 from the premixed to the nonpremixed reaction zone. The  ame response to variations in equivalence ratio and strain rate is characterized. Increasing the equivalence ratio and/or strain rate to a critical value leads to merging of the two reaction zones. Further increase in equivalence ratio leads to a nonpremixed  ame, whereas that in strain rate leads to  ame extinction. The partially premixed combustion regime is obtained by computing the critical strain rate for merging as a function of the equivalence ratio. The  ame structure is characterized in terms of a modiŽ ed mixture fraction (conserved scalar), and laminar  amelet proŽ les are provided. Stretch-induced extinction is also investigated. Results indicate that as the level of partial premixing is increased, the  ame extinction occurs at increasingly higher strain rates, implying that partially premixed  ames are less prone to extinction compared to nonpremixed  ames.