Using the particle filter to geolocate Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea, with special emphasis on determining uncertainty

نویسندگان

  • K. H. Andersen
  • A. Nielsen
  • S. Neuenfeldt
چکیده

The use of archival tags on fish gives information of individual behaviour with an unprecedented high resolution in time. A central problem in the analysis of data from retrieved tags is the geolocation, namely the infererence of movements of the fish by comparing the data from the tags with environmental observations like temperature, tide, day length, etc. The result is usually represented as a track; however, the spatial and temporal variability in the precision is often substantial. In this article, the particle filter is applied to geolocate Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea, leading to a representation of the results as probability distributions for each time step, thus giving an explicit representation of uncertainty. Furthermore, the method is used to estimate the magnitude of the error in the measurements by the tags and the swimming velocity of the fish. The average swimming velocity during a day was estimated to be around 0.20 m·s–1 for fish of ~60 cm length. The method is general and the presentation is formulated to facilitate implementation for different systems where other quantities are observed. Résumé : L’utilisation d’étiquettes enregistreuses donne des renseignements sur les comportements individuels des poissons avec une précision temporelle toute nouvelle. Un problème important dans l’analyse des données provenant des étiquettes récupérées est celui de la géolocation, c’est-à-dire de la détermination des déplacements du poisson en comparant les renseignements recueillis sur l’étiquette et les observations dans le milieu, par exemple de la température, de la marée, de la longueur du jour etc. Les résultats se présentent souvent sous forme de trajectoire, mais la variation de la précision dans l’espace et le temps est souvent considérable. Dans notre travail, nous utilisons un filtrage particulaire pour déterminer le positionnement de morues franches (Gadus morhua) dans la Baltique, ce qui représente les résultats comme des distributions de probabilité à chaque échelon temporel, donnant ainsi une représentation explicite de l’incertitude. De plus, la méthode sert à estimer l’importance de l’erreur dans les mesures des étiquettes et dans la vitesse de nage des poissons. Nous estimons la vitesse moyenne de nage durant le jour à environ 0,20 m·s–1 chez des poissons de ~60 cm de longueur. La méthode est générale et elle est présentée de façon à être utilisée facilement dans des systèmes différents où d’autres variables à mesurer sont envisagées. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Andersen et al. 627

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تاریخ انتشار 2007