Cultural Change and Human Behavior: Evolution or Development?*

! e study of cultures in today’s world has become a major academic exercise. ! ere are many challenges and problems for human beings that are created by the relationship between cultural inheritance and individuals, namely, through modernization and globalization processes. ! e immediate outcomes of these challenges and problems are ethnic con" icts, cultural clash and other cultural competitions. In order to maintain peace in the world and foster the mutual cooperation among the individuals, each individual has to be an active participant in the attainment of a sustainable development of the whole human system. ! e main focus of this paper, thus, is to analyze human behavior, as a way of understanding underlying powers of the interplay of biology and culture.