Ion Exchange Model for Phase Proton Exchange Waveguides in LiNbO3

Nonlinear Susceptibility and Second Harmonic Generation in Proton- Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguides

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is one of the most commonly used optical crystals because of its excellent electro-optic and nonlinear optical properties. Ease of waveguide fabrication and amenability to periodic poling has made lithium niobate highly attractive for quasi-phase-matched guided wave interactions such as second harmonic generation (SHG) and optical parametric amplification/oscillation [1...

A Novel technique to measure propagation loss of optical waveguides

A method to measure the propagation loss of optical waveguides is discussed. The measurement system involves two 3 dB couplers, a CCD camera and a signal processing unit. The propagation loss measured from this technique is found to be independent of coupling conditions. The propagation properties of waveguides prepared by proton exchange (PE) in Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) and Silver ion exchange...

Second-order optical nonlinearities in dilute melt proton exchange waveguides in z-cut LiNbO3

Low-threshold spatial solitons in reverse-proton-exchanged periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides.

Combining reverse proton exchange and uniform periodic poling in LiNbO3 planar waveguides, we demonstrate low-energy spatial optical solitons by second-harmonic generation at room temperature, with a threshold as low as 23 pJ/microm at 1.5 microm.

Dynamic investigation of hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell

Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) is categorized in a nonfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane (PEM) group and considered as a suitable substitute for common per-fluorinated membranes, such as Nafion, due to wider operating temperature, less feed gas crossover, and lower cost. Since modeling results in a better understanding of a phenomenon, in this study a dynamic o...