Chest CT findings in EBUS-TBNA-proven anthracosis in enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes.

PURPOSE We demonstrate the multislice computed tomography (MSCT) findings of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA)-proven hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement with signs of anthracosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 53 enlarged lymph nodes in 39 patients (28 male, 11 female) with EBUS-TBNA-confirmed anthracosis were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The mean short axis diameter of the enlarged lymph nodes with signs of anthracosis was 13.7  mm. Lymph nodes most often showed an oval shape (84  %) and were well defined in 66  % of cases. Lymph node confluence was observed in 32  % of cases. Calcifications were documented in 24.5  % of cases. Contrast enhancement and fatty involution were seen seldom (3.8  %). Lymph node necrosis was not seen. CONCLUSION Lymph node anthracosis may be found most often in enlarged, well defined lymph nodes with an oval shape, frequently associated with confluence and calcifications.