Effects of nitrogen input and nitrogen surplus taxes in Dutch agriculture

نویسنده

  • John HELMING
چکیده

– Dans cet article, un modèle régionalisé d'équilibre partiel, compara-tif statique, de programmation mathématique est développé pour analyser les effets des taxes sur l'utilisation des intrants azotés dans l'agriculture néerlan-daise. Les résultats sont exprimés en termes de marge brute, d'utilisation du sol, de composition du cheptel et d'excédent azoté au niveau du sol. Points forts et faiblesses du modèle sont discutés. Ses points forts reposent sur la cohérence entre les niveaux régional, national et sectoriel et sur la possibilité de modéliser les flux d'engrais et le marché des produits intermédiaires de manière détaillée. Les points faibles portent sur le niveau d'agrégation et le nombre restreint de possibilités de substitutions au niveau des activités. En première analyse, les ré-sultats soulignent l'importance des ajustements réalisés dans le secteur agricole suite aux programmes d'actions et réglementations mis en place en fonction d'objectifs environnementaux. A moins de comprendre le mécanisme de ces ajustements, les résultats des politiques initiées demeurent a priori incertains. En seconde analyse, il ressort que les taxes portant directement sur la pollution environnementale sont plus efficaces que les taxes portant sur l'utilisation des intrants ayant une chaîne causale plus longue entre l'application et l'impact en-vironnemental. Summary – In this paper a partial equilibrium, regionalised, comparative static, mathematical programming model of the Dutch agricultural sector is developed to analyse the effects of taxes on nitrogen input use and nitrogen surpluses in Dutch agriculture. The focus of this paper is on effects of taxes on nitrogen surpluses at the soil level, gross margin from agriculture, land use and livestock composition. Strong and weak points of the model are discussed. Strong points are its consistency at regional, national and sector level and the possibility to model manure flows and markets for intermediates in detail. Weak points are the level of aggregation and the restricted number of substitution possibilities at the activity level. As a result elasticities of input demand are quite low. Environmental policies effect different components of the Dutch agricultural sector simultaneously. Therefore the effects of nitrogen input and nitrogen surplus taxes on environmental targets are very uncertain.

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تاریخ انتشار 1999