Effect of Hepatic Steatosis on Bioenergetic Function During Hepatic Ischemia-reperfusion: A Systematic Review

Background: The impact of hepatic steatosis on bioenergetics following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains controversial and is associated with variable reports on its outcome. Large numbers of studies have been published examining the relationship between hepatic steatosis and cellular bioenergetics following hepatic IRI. This systematic review evaluates these studies. Methods: An electronic search of the Medline and Embase databases (January 1946 to June 2012) was performed to select studies that reported relevant outcomes in animal models or patients with hepatic steatosis subjected to IRI. Results: A total of 489 articles were identified, of which 63 animal studies met the predefined criteria and were included in the study. There was large variation in the type of animal model, duration and type of IRI utilized and histological description of hepatic steatosis. Bioenergetic impairments appear to increase the susceptibility of steatotic livers to IRI. The most common impairment was decreased adenosine triphosphate recovery with increased oxidative stress following IRI. Impaired mitochondrial function play a key role in the susceptibility of steatotic livers to IRI. Conclusions: Animals with >30% hepatic steatosis have been shown to have poor outcome following IRI. Despite limitations of different experimental models and inconsistency in histological description, impaired mitochondrial function and bioenergetics appear to be important mediators in the decreased tolerance of steatotic livers to IRI. Future studies need to be consistent and clinically relevant to further improve our understanding of this issue.