Stability and Compatibility of Hydromorphone and Ketamine in Normal Saline
نویسندگان
چکیده
Objectives: This report presents the results of a 2-part study of hydromorphone and ketamine. The objective of the first part of the study was to assess the physical compatibility over a 24-h period of 12 combinations of hydromorphone and ketamine prepared in syringes by direct mixing of the manufacturers’ solutions. The objective of the second part of the study was to evaluate the compatibility and chemical stability of 4 concentration combinations of hydromorphone and ketamine diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline [NS]) after storage for 24 days at 4°C or 23°C. Methods: For the 24-h study, physical compatibility was assessed visually for mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine at concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 47.5 mg/mL and from 0.5 to 49.0 mg/L, respectively. For the 24-day compatibility and chemical stability study, the following mixtures were assessed: hydromorphone 1.0 mg/mL and ketamine 0.5 mg/mL, hydromorphone 20.0 mg/mL and ketamine 0.5 mg/mL, hydromorphone 1.0 mg/mL and ketamine 20.0 mg/mL, and hydromorphone 20.0 mg/mL and ketamine 20.0 mg/mL. The mixtures were inspected visually, pH was determined, and the concentration of the 2 drugs in each mixture was determined by a stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method. Results: The concentrations of quality control samples and standards deviated less than 5% on average from known concentrations for both hydromorphone and ketamine. Mean analytical error for replicate samples between and within days was less than 5% for both drugs. For the 24-h physical compatibility study, the 12 mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine were physically compatible for the duration of the study. For the 24-day chemical stability study, both hydromorphone and ketamine retained greater than 90% of their initial concentrations for the entire study period when stored at either 4°C or 23°C. The pH of all solutions changed by less than 0.2 pH unit over the study period. Conclusions: A 24-day expiration date is recommended for the following mixtures of hydromorphone and ketamine, diluted in NS and stored in glass at 4°C or 23°C: hydromorphone 1.0 mg/mL and ketamine 0.5 mg/mL, hydromorphone 20.0 mg/mL and ketamine 0.5 mg/mL, hydromorphone 1.0 mg/mL and ketamine 20.0 mg/mL, and hydromorphone 20.0 mg/mL and ketamine 20.0 mg/mL. Mixtures with a wider range of concentrations of the 2 drugs were physically compatible for RÉSUMÉ Objectifs : Ce rapport présente les résultats d’une étude de deux parties sur l’hydromorphone et la kétamine. L’objectif de la première partie de l’étude était d’évaluer la compatibilité physique, sur une période de 24 heures, de 12 associations d’hydromorphone avec de la kétamine, préparées dans des seringues en mélangeant directement les solutions du fabricant. L’objectif de la seconde partie était d’évaluer la compatibilité et la stabilité chimique des associations hydromorphone–kétamine, à quatre concentrations différentes, diluées dans du chlorure de sodium à 0,9 % (solution salée [NS]) et entreposées pendant 24 jours à 4 °C ou à 23 °C. Méthodes : Lors de l’étude de 24 heures, la compatibilité physique a été évaluée par inspection visuelle des mélanges hydromorphone–kétamine aux concentrations variant entre 1,0 et 47,5 mg/mL et entre 0,5 et 49,0 mg/L, respectivement. Lors de l’étude de compatibilité et de stabilité chimique sur 24 jours, les associations suivantes ont été évaluées: hydromorphone 1,0 mg/mL-–kétamine 0,5 mg/mL, hydromorphone 20,0 mg/mL–kétamine 0,5 mg/mL, hydromorphone 1,0 mg/mL– kétamine 20,0 mg/mL, et hydromorphone 20,0 mg/mL– kétamine 20,0 mg/mL. Les mélanges ont été inspectés visuellement, le pH a été mesuré et les concentrations des deux médicaments dans chacun des mélanges ont été déterminées au moyen d’une épreuve de stabilité par chromatographie liquide. Résultats : Les concentrations des étalons et des échantillons de contrôle de la qualité présentaient un écart moyen inférieur à 5 % des concentrations connues pour l’hydromorphone et la kétamine. L’erreur analytique moyenne pour les souséchantillons entre chaque jour et d’un jour à l’autre était inférieure à 5 % pour les deux médicaments. Pour l’étude de compatibilité physique de 24 heures, les 12 associations hydromorphone–kétamine se sont révélées physiquement compatibles pendant toute la durée de l’étude. Quant à l’étude de stabilité chimique sur 24 jours, l’hydromorphone et la kétamine ont toutes deux, entreposées à des températures de 4 °C ou de 23 °C, conservé plus de 90 % de leurs concentrations initiales pendant toute la durée de l’étude. Le pH de toutes les solutions a varié de moins de 0,2 unités de pH au cours de l’étude. Conclusions : Il est recommandé de ne pas conserver pendant plus de 24 jours les mélanges suivants d’hydromorphone et de kétamine, dilués dans du NS et entreposées dans des contenants de verre à 4 °C ou à 23 °C : hydromorphone 1,0 mg/mL–
منابع مشابه
Stability of Fentanyl Citrate, Hydromorphone Hydrochloride, Ketamine Hydrochloride, Midazolam, Morphine Sulfate, and Pentobarbital Sodium in Polypropylene Syringes
PURPOSE Determine the stability of fentanyl 10 mcg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride, fentanyl 10 mcg/mL in 5% dextrose, fentanyl 50 mcg/mL, hydromorphone 100 mcg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride, ketamine 10 mg/mL, midazolam 0.4 mg/mL in 5% dextrose, midazolam 5 mg/mL, morphine 1 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride, morphine 1 mg/mL in 5% dextrose, and pentobarbital 50 mg/mL when stored as single drug entities a...
متن کاملمقایسه تأثیر افزودن مقدار اولیه کتامین به انفوزیون پروپوفول بر همودینامیک و زمان ریکاوری بیماران تحت جراحی آب مروارید
Introduction: According to the importance of hemodynamic stability during anesthesia, usage of drugs and technics which change the hemodynamic in a minimum rate has become one of the most important purposes.Widely spread usage of propofol for sedation in cataract surgery made us to evaluate the effect of ketamine,which in itself has sympathetic effects, in usage accompaning with propofol.Materi...
متن کاملاثر تزریق مداوم (اینفیوژن) دوزپائین کتامین برتغییرات همودینامیک در جراحی پیوند عروق کرونر
Background & objectives: Cardiopulmonary bypass often causes a stress hormonal response with subsequent changes in hemodynamic and organ perfusion. Human studies involving cardiopulmonary bypass have shown that very low doses of ketamine can attenuate inflammatory and stress markers, without adverse effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low dose infusion of ketamine have hem...
متن کاملComparative study on the impact of low-dose ketamine with midazolam and with low-dose midazolam with ketamine to prevent shivering after spinal anesthesia
Introduction: Shivering is one of the complications of spinal anesthesia. There are various methods to control this shivering. In this research we opted to study the effects of two different combination doses of ketamine and midazolam on the prevention of shivering after spinal anesthesia. Material and methods: Methods:The study was a double-blind clinical trial performed on 120 patients who w...
متن کاملThe use of methylphenidate for emergence from propofol and ketamine anesthesia in dogs
Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) has been used to induce emergence from general anesthesia. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of MPH on recovery from propofol and ketamine anesthesia in dogs. METHODS: Six healthy male mix-breed dogs weighing 21.9 ± 3.9 kg were used in a randomized crossover design. Thirty minutes after premedication with acepromazine (0...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2009