Keeping Men “men” and Women Down: Sex Segregation, Anti-essentialism, and Masculinity
نویسنده
چکیده
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 I. The Stubborn Persistence of Sex Segregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 R II. Gender, Antiessentialism, and Masculinities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 R A. Gender and Antiessentialism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 R B. Multiple Masculinities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 R III. Hegemonic Masculinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 R A. Not Feminine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 R B. Heterosexual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 R C. Physically Aggressive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 R IV. The Hegemony of Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 R A. The Category of “Men” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 R B. Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 R C. Negative Attitudes About Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 R D. Negative Attitudes About Non-Hegemonically Masculine Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 R Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 R
منابع مشابه
‘‘I Used to Think Women Were Weak’’: Orthodox Masculinity, Gender Segregation, and Sport
This article explores the cultural and structural forces that help influence the reproduction of sexist, misogynistic, and antifeminine attitudes among men in team sports. It first shows how the segregation of men into a homosocial environment limits their social contact with women and fosters an oppositional masculinity that influences the reproduction of orthodox views regarding women. Howeve...
متن کاملPreferences for facial and vocal masculinity in homosexual men: the role of partnership status, sexual restrictiveness, and self-perceived masculinity
Studies on mate preferences usually examine heterosexual attraction; comparatively little is known about preferences of individuals whose sexuality is aimed at the same sex. This study examined preferences of two groups of androphilic individuals homosexual men and heterosexual women for male facial and vocal level of masculinity. Facial images of 61 men and vocal recordings of 30 men were rate...
متن کامل'What does it take to be a man? What is a real man?': ideologies of masculinity and HIV sexual risk among Black heterosexual men.
Research documents the link between traditional ideologies of masculinity and sexual risk among multi-ethnic male adolescents and White male college students, but similar research with Black heterosexual men is scarce. This exploratory study addressed this gap through six focus groups with 41 Black, low- to middle-income heterosexual men aged 19 to 51 years in Philadelphia, PA. Analyses highlig...
متن کاملPreferences for facial and vocal masculinity in homosexual men: the role of relationship status, sexual restrictiveness, and self-perceived masculinity.
Studies on mate preferences usually examine heterosexual attraction; comparatively little is known about preferences of individuals whose sexuality is aimed at the same sex. We examined preferences of two groups of androphilic individuals--homosexual men and heterosexual women--for male facial and vocal level of masculinity. Facial images of 58 men and vocal recordings of 30 men were rated by 5...
متن کاملMasculinity, Femininity, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory in Turkey
The aim of this study was to examine the masculinity and femininity scales of Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) among Turkish university students. Five hundred thirty-six students (280 men and 256 women) volunteered to complete the short-form of the BSRI and answer demographic questions. In factor analyses, the original factor structure (Bem, 1981) was found both in the men’s and women’s data. Comp...
متن کامل