CASE REPORT Open Access p16 overexpression in malignant and premalignant lesions of the oral and esophageal mucosa following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objectives: Secondary malignancy in the oral mucosa is recognized as one of the most serious complications in patients who received allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, potential risk factors associated with carcinogenesis after HSCT that have been reported remain elusive. We experienced a rare case of secondary malignancies of the oral and esophageal mucosa and analyzed the expression of tumor suppressor gene product p16. Case report: A 35-year-old male had malignant lesions of the oral and esophageal mucosa two years after HSCT. Partial maxillectomy and endoscopic submucosal dissection were performed. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the tumor cells of malignant and premalignant lesions of the oral cavity and esophagus but not keratosis were positive for p16. Conclusions: Pathological examinations with p16 immunohistochemistry may contribute to an early diagnosis of secondary malignancy after HSCT.