[Behçet's disease in childhood].

OBJECTIVE To make Pediatricians aware of the fact that they must investigate Behçet's disease while performing differential diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, even though it is a vasculitis of rare occurrence in early life. METHODS Between June 1996 and December 2000, we retrospectively evaluated seven patients of our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data as well as data regarding treatment and follow-up were presented. RESULTS Five out of seven patients were female (71.4%), four were non-Caucasian (57.1%), the mean age at onset was 8 years and 11 months (variation of 6 months to 13 years and 8 months), the mean period until diagnosis was 2 years and 3 months (variation of 2 months to 8 years) and the mean follow-up period was 4 years and 2 months (three patients without follow-up). The major criteria of diagnosis were: oral ulcers in seven patients (100%), genital ulcers in three patients (42.8%), ophthalmic alterations in four patients (57.1%) cutaneous vasculitis in one patient (14.2%) and positive pathology test in one patient (14.2%). The minor criteria were: arthralgia/arthritis in five patients (71.4%), family history in two patients (28.5%), and sagittal sinus thrombosis in one patient (14.2%). The initial symptoms included recurrent aphthous stomatitis (more than three painful aphthous ulcers episodes in the period of 1 year), genital ulcers, arthralgia, fever and weight loss. The laboratory findings were: mild anemia in 1/6 patients, ESR>25 in 3/6 patients, increased serum gammaglobulin level in 2/4 patients, B5 histocompatibility antigen in 2/7 patients. The treatment included corticosteroids for 5/7 patients (4 oral, 1 intravenous and one local use), thalidomide for 4/7 patients, colchicine for 2/7 patients and dapsone for 1/7 patient. The outcome was favorable in 4/6, and 3/6 patients presented relapse. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the importance of considering the diagnosis of Behçet's disease in patients with recurrent oral and genital ulcers.