Intracranial Extension of Fungal Sinusitis

Intracranial extension is the most dreaded complication of fungal sinusitis with high mortality rates. Fungal sinusitis is notorious for insidious and rapid intracranial spread. Therefore the most appropriate approach lies in timely diagnosis and early intervention. With various diagnostic modalities available; like CT scan, MRI, fungal stains, cultures and nasal endoscopy, the diagnosis has become much simpler, nevertheless, a high degree of clinical suspicion is a must. The treatment outcomes have now improved a lot, with the advancement in medical and surgical technology. The new antifungal agents and other drugs have immensely contributed to better results by minimizing the toxic side effects of the traditional drugs and showing better efficacy. The surgical approach, with the advent of endoscopes has led to successful outcomes. Despite this, in about 50% of the cases, since the host is immunocompromised, the prognosis is guarded and mortality rates of approximately 85 to 100% are noted. So, it is very important to treat intracranial extension of fungal sinusitis as a medical and surgical emergency.