Adult hippocampal ganglioneuroblastoma

Rationale: Intracranial ganglioneuroblastoma represents a rare subtype of primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Here, we report a hippocampal ganglioneuroblastoma and a literature review of cerebral anglioneuroblastoma is carried out. Patient concerns: We report a 16-year-old male patient presenting with absence seizure and high-infiltration hippocampal ganglioneuroblastoma. Interventions: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicates a space-occupying lesion with a well-defined margin in the right temporal lobe and hippocampus. However, hyper-signal on flair and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with a low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is detected, which prompts high tumoral invasiveness. Interventions: A total resection of tumor and subsequent chemotherapy combing with radiotherapy is performed. Outcomes: For a follow-up period of 60 months, no evidence of recurrence and further seizures are detected. Lessons:High-infiltration hippocampal ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare event. MRI examination often showed features of low-grade gliomas, while hyper-signal lesion on DWI with a low ADC value can be detected. Complete resection combined with fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy was the optimal treatment for cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma. Abbreviations: ADC = apparent diffusion coefficient, Cho = choline, DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging, GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein, GNB = ganglioneuroblastoma, INPC = International Neuroblastoma Pathology Committee, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, MRS = magnetic resonance spectrum, NAA = N-acetylaspartate, SOX 10 = Sry (sex determining region Y)related high mobility group box protein 10, SYN = synaptophysin, T1WI = T1-weighted image, T2WI = T2-weighted image.