Genes, Phenes and the Baldwin E ect: Learning and Evolution in a Simulated Population
نویسنده
چکیده
The Baldwin EEect, rst proposed in the late nineteenth century, suggests that the course of evolutionary change can be innuenced by individually learned behavior. The existence of this eeect is still a hotly debated topic. In this paper clear evidence is presented that learning-based plasticity at the phe-notypic level can and does produce directed changes at the genotypic level. This research connrms earlier experimental work done by others, notably Hinton & Nowlan (1987). Further, the amount of plasticity of the learned behavior is shown to be crucial to the size of the Baldwin EEect: either too little or too much and the eeect disappears or is signiicantly reduced. Finally, for learnable traits, the case is made that over many generations it will become easier for the population as a whole to learn these traits (i.e. the phenotypic plasticity of these traits will increase). In this gradual transition from a genetically driven population to one driven by learning, the importance of the Baldwin EEect decreases.
منابع مشابه
Artificial Life IV Cambridge , MA : The MIT Press , 277 - 282 ) Genes , Phenes and the Baldwin Effect : Learning and Evolution in a Simulated Population
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