Conspecific Attraction in a Grassland Bird, the Bairdâ•Žs Sparrow

نویسندگان

  • Marissa A. Ahlering
  • Douglas H. Johnson
  • John Faaborg
چکیده

Territorial songbirds generally use song to defend territories and attract mates, but conspecific song may also serve as a cue to attract other male songbirds to a breeding site. Although known to occur in some colonial and forest-associated species, only recently have investigators examined conspecific attraction in grassland species. We used a playback experiment to examine the possible role of conspecific attraction for males searching for potentially suitable breeding habitat in a grassland specialist, the Baird’s Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii). Experimental playback plots and control plots with similar landscape and vegetation characteristics were established at two sites in North Dakota. Baird’s Sparrows colonized three of six experimental plots and none of six control plots. Males on experimental plots established territories adjacent to the playback stations and were sometimes observed counter-singing with the playback of conspecific songs. Vegetation characteristics were similar on all study plots, and did not explain differences in bird density on our treatment plots. Although we found that playback of conspecific songs attracted male Baird’s Sparrows to previously unoccupied, potentially suitable habitat, further experiments are needed to examine the importance of conspecific attraction relative to other cues that birds may use, such as vegetation features. The conservation and management implications of conspecific attraction are not completely understood, but the presence of conspecifics should be considered as a potential cue in habitat selection by all species of birds. SINOPSIS. Atracción de congéneres en aves de hierbazales Ammodramus bairdii Las aves canoras territoriales generalmente usan su canto para defender sus territorios y atraer parejas prospectivas. Sin embargo, el canto de congéneres también se puede usar como una pista para atraer a otros machos a áreas reproductivas. Aunque se sabe que esto ocurre en algunas especies coloniales y algunas asociadas a bosques, fue recientemente que los investigadores examinaron este tipo de atracción en aves de hierbazales. Experimentamos con grabaciones para examinar el rol de la atracción de congéneres en un área potencialmente adecuada para la reproducción de Ammodramus bairdii, un especialista de hierbazales. Se establecieron lotes experimentales y controles, con caracteŕısticas adecuadas para la especie, en dos localidades de Dakota del Norte. En los experimentales se hizo uso de grabaciones, para atraer a las aves. Los gorriones colonizaron tres de los seis lotes experimentales y ninguno de los controles. Hubo machos que establecieron territorios adyacentes a los lugares en donde se utilizaron las grabaciones. Se observó responder con su canto a las grabaciones a aquellos que llegaron. La vegetación fue similar en cada lote experimental y no se pudo utilizar para explicar diferencias en la densidad de las aves. Aunque encontramos que las grabaciones del canto de congéneres atraen a machos del Gorrión de Baird a lugares no ocupados con hábitat adecuado, se necesitan otros experimentos para examinar la importancia de atracción de congéneres, en relación a otras pistas, que las aves puedan utilizar para colonizar áreas apropiadas para estas. Las implicaciones de conservación y manejo de la atracción de congéneres no se entiende en su totalidad. Pero la presencia de congéneres debe ser considerada como una pista potencial en la selección de habitat por parte de las aves en general.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013