Ectopic Kidney on the Pelvic Brim with Rare Anomalies in the Vascular Arrangement

Embryological consideration.?In the early stage of development the axis of kidney is vertical and pelvis is anterior. Shortly thereafter pelvis rotates medially and upper pole of the kidney lateralwards. If there is too much rotation and both the kidneys are placed horizontally, horse-shoe shaped kidney may develope. At about 8th week of foetal life the kidney approaches its relative position as in adult ana.tomy. Therefore it is apparent that all the different types of ectopia must occur before the 8th week. Situated at first in the hollow of the sacrum it ascends up to the level of the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebra in the ladder of blood vessels derived from respective neighbouring big blood vessels, i.e., either the middle sacral, common iliac or the abdominal